Adult Learners in Higher Education and Training Assignment

Grown-up Learners in Higher Education and Training - Assignment Example  â â â Wherever these fundamental standards can be detected, the agreement learning device can be adequately put to utilize. As indicated by Knowles, understudies that are utilized to an increasingly ordinary style of learning may experience difficulties in changing in accordance with agreement to learn. They should reorient themselves to take advantage of their learning contract. These understudies are typically the individuals who have a propensity for following requests and headings from others.  â â â Contract taking in requests from the understudies to exhibit applied abilities to build up proof or verification of their learning. Agreement learning permits grown-ups to pick the territory of discovering that they are increasingly intrigued by. This choice of practicing individual decision in learning seems to contribute towards beneficial learning. Thus, people build up their own learning abilities through agreement learning. By composing strategic agreements expertly. The second I will get paid to compose a strategic agreement will be a decent sign that I have found out about it. Currently taking on the web tests on representative inspiration and scoring sufficiently is a decent indication. By propelling my companions and associates in their separate proficient fields.

Discussing the Terms - Vernacular, Social Network, Crossover Effect, Research Paper

Talking about the Terms - Vernacular, Social Network, Crossover Effect, Creole Continuum - Research Paper Example Informal organization: The expression, interpersonal organization, alludes to a gathering of individuals who are held together by familial, proficient or different interests. As a rule, the most widely recognized informal communities are family gatherings, alluding to both atomic and more distant families. To the extent that kids or youth are concerned, school and school companions comprise an informal community of essential significance, similarly as work partners regularly do with grown-ups. In reality, were one to fundamentally think about the idea of informal organizations according to oneself, one would find him/herself to be an individual from different interpersonal organizations, both genuine and virtual. In application to myself, I would distinguish my genuine work informal communities as my loved ones, to name yet two gatherings and my virtual interpersonal organizations as all the web talk and intrigue gatherings to which I have a place and with whose individuals I share n ormal interests and leisure activities. Ethnography of Communication: As an idea, ethnography of correspondence, allude to an intriguing wonder; one which depends on an admission to the way that there is considerably more to verbal correspondence and collaboration than the trading of data. As indicated by the anthropologist, D. House (2003), the idea of ethnography of correspondence was presented and created by the anthropologist Dell Hymes, who contended that verbal interchanges must be completely comprehended and acknowledged were their social setting contemplated. At the end of the day, and as House (2003) clarifies, inside the setting of for all intents and purposes all types of verbal correspondences, the importance isn't imparted through words alone yet in addition through hushes, tones, subtleties and the holes between exchanges.â

What Happens to Your Body When Youre Thinking

What Happens to Your Body When You're Thinking Basics Print What Happens to Your Body When Youre Thinking? By Arlin Cuncic Arlin Cuncic, MA, is the author of Therapy in Focus: What to Expect from CBT for Social Anxiety Disorder and 7 Weeks to Reduce Anxiety. Learn about our editorial policy Arlin Cuncic Medically reviewed by Medically reviewed by Steven Gans, MD on June 14, 2019 Steven Gans, MD is board-certified in psychiatry and is an active supervisor, teacher, and mentor at Massachusetts General Hospital. Learn about our Medical Review Board Steven Gans, MD Updated on July 17, 2019  Getty / Klaus Vedfelt More in Psychology Basics Psychotherapy Student Resources History and Biographies Theories Phobias Emotions Sleep and Dreaming In This Article Table of Contents Expand What Is a Thought? Anatomy of a Thought Thoughts and Emotions Regulating Your Thoughts Changing Your Thoughts Brain Lesions and Thinking View All Back To Top What happens to your body when youre thinking? You might think that is a simple question to answer: a thought is just words in your brain that cause you to do something, right? In reality, this question has plagued scientists for decades and the precise answer is still something that is the subject of research. For this reason, its not something that can be clearly described in a flowchart format. However, what we can do is break down what we do know about our thoughts and then try to put the pieces of the puzzle together to create a picture of what is happening. What Is a Thought? The first problem with describing what happens in your body when you are thinking is that not everyone agrees on what constitutes a thought. At first glance, you probably think of a thought as something that you tell yourself. For example, this morning while lying in bed you might have had the thought, I dont want to get up. Lets take a moment and deconstruct that thought to try and figure out exactly what it is. Is the thought I dont want to get out of bed something that spontaneously appeared in your mind? Or was it triggered by something? Is it just a physical process of your brain or the manifestation of something deeper like a soul, spirit, or other entity? Phew, thats a lot to think about. And, depending on who you ask, you will get different answers. While scientists might apply reductionist theory and predict that thoughts are simply physical entities that can be explained by chemical changes in the brain, philosophers or other theorists might argue a more dualistic theory that your mind is separate from your body and your thoughts are not physical parts of your brain. All that aside, if we want to consider what happens in our bodies (or specifically our brains) when we are thinking, then we need to at least acknowledge that our thoughts can influence our bodies. We know this to be true for a number of reasons. For example: Stress (or negative thoughts) can worsen physical illnessFear can lead to increases in certain chemicals that prepare us through the fight or flight responseThoughts start chain reactions that allow us to contract our muscles Since we know that thoughts can influence our brains and our bodies, lets take a look at exactly how they do that and what is happening under the hood (in your head). Anatomy of a Thought Lets jump back to that morning thought: I dont want to get out of bed. Scientists would argue first that the thought you had was not spontaneous and random. Instead, your thought was likely a reaction to something around you. In this case, it might have been an alarm clock, checking your phone to see what time it is, or hearing something like the garbage truck go by that reminds you of time passing. In other cases, thoughts might be triggered by memories. Now, once you have that thought, what happens? Some Neuroscience Terms Defined Action potential: Sudden burst of voltage caused by chemical changes (how neurons signal one another) Neuron: A nerve cell through which signals are sent Neurotransmitter: Chemical messengers released by neurons that help them communicate with other cells (e.g., dopamine, epinephrine, norepinephrine) Prefrontal cortex: Part of the brain involved in planning, personality, decision making, and social behavior. Hippocampus: Part of the brain crucial in a variety of memory functions. Synapse: A structure that allows a neuron (nerve cell) to pass a chemical or electrical signal to a target cell. The brain operates in a complex way with many parts intersecting and interacting with each other simultaneously. So, when you have that thought in the morning, its likely that all these different components of your brain (prefrontal cortex, hippocampus, neurons, neurotransmitters, etc.) are all involved at the same time. If the result of your thought that you dont want to get out of bed is that you throw the covers back over your head, what happened to allow that action? Or, if instead you decided that you needed to get up and got out of bed, what happened differently? We know that when the brain is making a decision, different neural networks compete with each other. Eventually, one of the networks becomes activated and produces the desired behavior. This happens through nerve cells in the spinal cord called motor neurons that fire and sends an impulse down their axon, which travels to the muscle and causes the action: in this case you throwing the covers over your head or actually getting out of bed. Thoughts and Emotions What about the emotional effects of your thought? We know that your thoughts can influence the neurotransmitters in your brain. Optimism is linked to better immunity to illness while depressive thinking may be linked to reduced immunity. So, if you throw the covers over your head, and that triggers other thoughts such as Im tired, I cant get up, or Life is hard, complex interactions in your brain may send signals to other parts of your body. On the other hand, if you get out of bed and think, This isnt so bad, Im getting going now, or Today is going to be a great day, the pathways and signals that your neurons send will obviously be different. We dont yet know all the intricacies of these processes; however, suffice it to say that your thoughts matter. Your brain is constantly receiving signals, whether from the outside environment in terms of perceptions or memories from your past. It then activates different patterns through waves in the brain through billions of synapses. In this way, your thoughts grow more complex as they interact with other content produced by your brain functions. Regulating Your Thoughts It goes without saying that your thoughts are linked to your emotions in a bidirectional way. How many times have you experienced a shot of adrenaline after having a fearful thought? Have you ever gone to a job interview or on a first date and felt the same? Whenever you have a thought, there is a corresponding chemical reaction in your mind and body as a result. This is important to realize because it means that what you think can affect how you feel. And by the same token, if you are feeling poorly, you can change that by changing how you think. If that sounds a little unusual, go back to the premise that thoughts are physical entities in your brain (and not spontaneous outside forces that dont connect with your body). If you accept the scientific view that your thoughts are physical parts of your brain and that changing your thoughts can have an effect on your body, then youve just developed a powerful weapon. But wait a minute: if our thoughts are always just reactions to something, how can we take control and change them? Of course, your thoughts dont arise out of a vacuum. For example, you are reading this article and gaining new ideas from it that you can potentially put to use in changing your thoughts. Youre starting to think a different way.Youve started to feed your brain different information.Youve surrounded yourself with information that programs your brain to start thinking the way that you want it to. What this means is that if you want to start changing your thoughts, you need to be aware of the triggers of your thoughts and also the patterns of thoughts that you have in response to those triggers. The next time you are lying in bed thinking, I dont want to get up, ask yourself what triggered that thought. What Is Behind the Psychology of Positive Thinking? How to Change Your Thoughts and Change Your Body Get very clear about the triggers of your thoughts and you will have the power to change your emotions and your health. In the case of the person not wanting to get out of bed, it could be that the alarm clock triggered the thought. Youve got a mental association between the alarm clock and the thought I dont want to get out of bed. Youve worn a mental groove in your brain, so to speak, that instantly connects that trigger with that thought. So if you want to change that reaction, you either need to change the trigger or break the association with that thought. One way to do this would be to force yourself to think a different thought each morning for 30 days until that becomes the new reaction to the trigger. For example, you could force yourself to think, I love getting up every day for 30 days. See how that works. If that thought is just a little too unrealistic, maybe try something like, Its not so bad getting up. Once I get going Im glad I got up early. You could also change the sound of your alarm so that youre less likely to have that old reaction (the old thought) to the old alarm. Once you get the hang of this, you can apply it in all areas of your life! Stuck in a traffic jam and feeling irritated and frustrated? The thought, I cant stand traffic will send signals from your brain to your body to speed up your breathing and tense your muscles. Whereas the thought, I cant control this, might as well relax, will send the signal to your body to calm down. Worried about an upcoming presentation? The worried thought, This will be awful, I am so anxious will leave you feeling panicked and on edge, whereas the thought, Im doing my best, thats all I can do will help to send signals to your body that its okay to be calm and relaxed. Brain Lesions and Thinking We know that lesions to specific parts of the brain damage specific cognitive abilities. This is interesting because it highlights the point that thoughts really are physical entities that both influence and are influenced by the body. Cognitive functions depend on all parts of the brain working properly; when these systems become disrupted, thinking can be affected. A Word From Verywell Thats a rather long and winding examination of how thoughts influence what happens in the brain and in the body. Justifiably so because there is still so much that is unknown when it comes to the brain. Indeed, if scientists had completely mapped out the processes of the brain, its likely that they would be building supercomputers that could replicate the brain. There will still be some who will argue that thoughts are entities separate from the body and that to describe how thoughts have a physical influence is absurd. While its true that there is a lot we still dont understand about the mind, body, universe, etc., its fairly obvious that at the very least, thoughts can have a direct influence on reactions in the brain and body. This is the basis of many forms of talk therapy, such as cognitive-behavioral therapy. And this is a good thingâ€"because it means that when you make the effort to change your thinking, you are also doing something that can have a positive impact on your brain and your body. And, that effect can be a lasting change, particularly if you are blazing new neural pathways that have positive outcomes. How Cognitive Psychology Explains the Science Behind Mental Processes

Hum 111 Quiz Chapters 10,11,12,13 - 1468 Words

This quiz consist of 40 multiple choice questions. The first 10 questions cover the material in Chapter 9. The second 10 questions cover the material in Chapter 10. The third 10 questions cover the material in Chapter 12. The last 10 questions cover the material in Chapter 13. Be sure you are in the correct Chapter when you take the quiz. Question 1 .2 out of 2 points Why did the Spanish Jews welcome the Muslim invasion?Answer Selected Answer: The Visigoth rulers had persecuted them Correct Answer: The Visigoth rulers had persecuted them . Question 2 .2 out of 2 points What is the hadith?Answer Selected Answer: Mohammads sayings Correct Answer: Mohammads sayings . Question 3 .2 out of 2 points†¦show more content†¦Question 19 .2 out of 2 points What medieval cult is connected to the courtly love literature?Answer Selected Answer: The Cult of the Virgin Correct Answer: The Cult of the Virgin . Question 20 .2 out of 2 points Why did Hildegard of Bingen believe her plainchant brought heaven and earth together?Answer Selected Answer: Her extremes of register created soaring arches Correct Answer: Her extremes of register created soaring arches . Question 21 .2 out of 2 points Who designed the Abbey of Saint-Deniss renovation and thus began the Gothic style?Answer Selected Answer: Abbot Suger Correct Answer: Abbot Suger . Question 22 .2 out of 2 points What two subjects did Scholasticism seek to reconcile?Answer Selected Answer: Christian faith and classical reason Correct Answer: Christian faith and classical reason . Question 23 .2 out of 2 points According to the chapters Continuity and Change section, what exploration was a driving force in the fourteenth and fifteenth centuries?Answer Selected Answer: The meaning of being human Correct Answer: The meaning of being human . Question 24 .2 out of 2 points Why is the Jesse tree a common stained-glass motif?Answer Selected Answer: It establishes Marys royal lineage from King

The Development Of Women s Rights - 1418 Words

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The most fundamental human rightRead MoreWomen s Suffrage : A Dark Imprint On The Historical Backdrop Of The United States893 Words   |  4 PagesWomen s Suffrage is a matter that can be within one s control, and without much of a stretch be viewed as a dark imprint on the historical backdrop of the United States. The events leading up to women s having the right to vote endeavors many turning points, however, the end isn t all so bad. In this particular piece of writing, I will examine many scenarios, accompanying noteworthy significant figures included in the women suffrage. The initially documented example in American history where

Neo-Nazism Essay - 547 Words

Neo-Nazism Nazism might seem a distant memory to some in the modern day, but it still bubbles beneath the surface of our so-called civilised and accepting society. Nazism is currently seeping to the face of our civilization but under a different guise - Patriotism. There are many organisations hiding under the same disguise, but very few are brave enough to declare themselves openly racist. Currently, the main political leaders in this field are the British National Party, and the National Front - both come from similar perspectives, however the National Front is known to be more aggressive in the way they demonstrate their beliefs. Shockingly, the National Front currently claims to be†¦show more content†¦Family The November 9th Society realises that the British family is the backbone of the nation, and believes in the concept of strong family, strong village, strong town, strong city and, of course, strong nation. The family life environment will be encouraged and we will reverse the trend where children leave home at an early age. Families will also be encouraged to be part of British Folk communities which will prepare our children for future responsibilities in direct opposition to multi-racialism with its cheap pop media and its thirst to pollute minds with the help of drugs. Immigration ----------- The November 9th Society refutes completely the concept that Great Britain is, or must be, a multi-racial society and regards multi-racialism as a dangerous anti-Aryan evil. Immigration will be stopped, and repatriation of all non-Aryan immigrants will be the top priority. For the future, limited White immigration may be allowed but each immigrant will have to swear allegiance to Great Britain and loyalty to the idea of Great Britain remaining a White nation. 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Essay about College Tuition Is Too High Essay Example For Students

Essay about College Tuition Is Too High Essay With the rapid growth of college tuition, it has become an important issue in higher education. College Tuition is simply defined as the charge or fee for instruction, at a private school or a college or a university. Most people agree today that college tuition is too high or that it needs to be completely dismissed. There are some however, that may disagree with the claim about college tuition and state that college tuition is necessary for college growth, and it’s primary purpose is to pay for college expenses to support the institution financially. Research shows that college tuition is too high and that debt has become a standard in America after attending post-secondary school. Recent researches suggest that college tuition is indeed too high and that it needs to be abolished from post-secondary schools. In the article â€Å"Is College Tuition Really Too High?† by Adam Davidson, he informs us that public universities often behave like elite private schools, using aid to attract the best students (Davidson). Davidson is trying to make his claim about higher institutions, and how public universities in fact uses aid to attract students into their school. If in fact schools are using aid to attract students into their schools, it is very likely that their school costs are very high and that a family isn’t able to pay for the college expenses out of their pockets. Likewise stated above, Davidson gives us more information to persuade the readers that college tuition is too high. Davidson states that â€Å"The total level of student debt is at more than $1. 2 trillion† (Davidson). One may read this and instantly be persuaded that college tuition is too high and that it will continue to grow every year until change occurs. In addition to . .be done to lower tuition costs is to have a petition. A petition is another way to raise awareness because the government would have to take action in order to end the petition. The third solution someone can do in order to lower tuition costs is by going to school overseas. The prices should be much cheaper and more reasonable than attending schools with a high tuition cost. Another solution in order to lower tuition costs is to apply for as many scholarships and grants as possible. This is an effective way to lower costs and to make your college experience not just an enjoyable experience but an affordable one too. The final solution someone may do in order to lower college tuition costs is by working in a â€Å"High Need Field.† Colleges would often pay you to study and work in these areas because they know you’ll ultimately be helping the society (Forbes).

William WordsworthS Poem Essays - British Poetry,

William Wordsworth'S Poem The world is too much with us by William Wordsworth William Wordsworths poem The world is too much with us is a statement about conflict between nature and humanity. The symbolism in his poem illustrates a sense of the conviction and deep feelings Wordsworth had toward nature. He longs for a much simpler time when the progress of humanity was tempered by the restriction nature imposed. Wordsworth is saying in this poem that man is wasting his time on earth by not appreciating nature around him. He is looking but not beholding. We have given our hearts away (4) means that we have sold the part of us that is from the earth (man which is from dust) in order to make other things more important than appreciating life; such as, money or advancement in employment or just acquiring more things. In Latin, the word Pectus can mean heart, but it can also mean the entire body, or the soul. Wordsworth is saying that we have given our very souls away. Wordsworth gives a pessimistic view of the world, past and future. The words late and soon (1) in the opening verse describe how the past and future are included in his characterization of mankind. The author knows the potential for humanity, but the mentality of getting and spending (2) clouds the perspective of humanity. Wordsworth does not see us as incapable; in fact he describes our abilities as powers. We lay waste our powers (2) is blamed on the earlier mentioned attitude of getting and spending (2). The desire man has for devouring all that is around, darkens the perspective as to what is being sacrificed for the progress. The sordid boon (4) we have given are hearts (4) is the worldly progress of mankind. Wordsworth is saying humanity has become self-absorbed and can no longer think clearly. The destructiveness society has on the environment will proceed freely and unmerciful like the winds that will be howling at all hours (6). Unlike society, Wordsworth does not see nature as a commodity. The verse Little we see in Nature that is ours (3), shows that coexisting is the relationship envisioned. This relationship appears to be at the mercy of mankind because of the vulnerable way nature is described. The verse This Sea that bares her bosom to the moon (5), gives the vision of a woman exposed to the heavens. In addition, the phrase sleeping flowers(7) might also describe how nature is being overrun unknowingly. Wordsworth seems to foresee the inevitable, because he sees himself as one with the environment. The verse I, standing on this pleasant lea, have glimpses that would make me less forlorn (11-12), shows Wordsworth as a visionary who is not responsible for the destruction of nature. In addition, the change Wordsworth is hoping for will come in the form of a mighty revolt by nature. This is why Wordsworth reaches back into ancient Greece for their gods who symbolize nature and strength to make the change. Proteus was a sea god who could change his appearance to get away from capture. Proteus is seen rising from the sea, facing the injustices inflicted upon nature, placing the cycle of life back in balance. The ability to change ones appearance is critical in facing the variety of threats mankind might impose. The god Triton was also mentioned as a savior to nature as well. Triton was the most imposing of the gods because he was master of the seas. I believe Wordsworth selected a sea god as the savior to the world to represent a re-birth. Water is a symbol of new beginnings (birth itself with the amniotic fluid and baptisms, which take place in water) and when the sea gods rise from their watery depths to correct the excesses of humanity, a re-birth will have taken place for the world. Wordsworth states he would rather be a pagan suckled in a creed outworn (10) than go on as he is. Pagan, although shunned by Christianity as an institution because they are polytheistic and are known for worshipping nature, are more appealing to Wordsworth than the accepted Christianity of his time because at least paganism recognizes the importance of

Recognizing an unhealthy work environment

Recognizing an unhealthy work environment When it comes to our professional lives, most of us have a clear hierarchy of needs, including a viable salary, acceptable benefits, and responsibilities that align well with our abilities. After all, we spend so much of our lives at work (nearly 90,000 hours over our lifetimes, according to a recent Business Insider article) that it stands to reason that our core needs and wishes should be met in order to make it all seem worthwhile. But all too often, having a healthy and productive environment doesn’t make the list of priorities when we think about what’s really important for us to be satisfied at work- and that’s a real miss when thinking about your overall career happiness. Need some convincing? Forbes recently reported that â€Å"a toxic workplace environment will overtake the culture of any organization, interfering with employee performance, destroying relationships and demotivating top performers. It is important to understand your organization’s exposure to such an environment so that strategies are implemented to either eradicate or mitigate its effects.†The question that likely remains for many of you is this: Am I stuck in an unhealthy work environment? Good question- and don’t be ashamed if you don’t have a clear answer. The truth is, it can be hard to tell what’s unhealthy and what’s normal and acceptable in a high-pressure, high demand modern workplace, in which â€Å"doing more with less† is the new normal. But don’t worry, we’re here to help you figure out what side you’re currently on. Use the following indicators to determine if you’re currently in an unhealthy workplace.Monitor the avoidance factorDo you find yourself regularly going out of your way to avoid both people and situations at work? If so, then chances are you’re working in an environment with some real unhealthy elements. These can include everything from toxic coworkers to a n unsavory and insincere corporate culture that’s misaligned with reality.The effects are similar: you dread going to work in the morning and can’t wait to leave at the end of the day. Many folks tend to take a â€Å"bare minimum† approach to their jobs when in this sort of unhealthy environment- they do just enough to squeak by and stay under the radar. The result? They often deny themselves the ability to evolve in their positions. Staying in a job like this is not a formula for career satisfaction and positive growth.Do a regular office â€Å"mood check†Most of us make it a point to check the weather each day before we head out to work, but not nearly enough of us stay on top of our â€Å"mood temperature.† An unhealthy work environment often has an unfortunate trickle-down effect on people’s moods, which makes it a great diagnostic tool for determining if your workplace has problems.Everyone from top management to their direct reports on down through the organizational chart can feel the impact of an unhealthy environment. If the overall mood of your colleagues (or a few key personnel who have a significant impact on others) is more â€Å"doom and gloom† than â€Å"happiness and sunshine,† you better believe that this has a significant impact on the company’s productivity, employee turnover, and long-term success.Beware of negative spillover into your personal lifeThe unfortunate reality is this: what happens at work doesn’t always stay at work. On top of encroaching on your personal time (if you choose to spend more hours working than you’re required to), the effects of an unhealthy workplace can spill all over the rest of your life.According to a recent Psychology Today article, â€Å"If you are so miserable at work that you find yourself miserable at home, in your relationships and with your hobbies than your toxic professional life is seeping into every other aspect of your l ife. You may find yourself constantly talking about work and complaining about your boss when you should be enjoying your time off. Eventually, your loved ones will become tired of your negative talk and complaining, and your personal life will take a major hit.†If this sounds all-too-familiar to you, then you’re likely in an unhealthy work situation and may warrant taking a closer look.If you’re curious about whether or not you’re currently in an unhealthy work environment, do a serious self-assessment using the information provided here to help diagnose your workplace. If you find more negative than positive, consider taking active steps towards either improving your satisfaction and happiness at work, or finding a new job that will meet your needs.

Social Change Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Social Change - Case Study Example Chase Bank Miami Beach Branch is faced with a problem of credit management. This is the problem of collecting and controlling of payments from firms customers. Many of the loans and credit facilities advanced by the bank to its clients were defaulted. This is due to weak policies that govern the provisions of credit and loan facilities to clients. Customers take advantage of these weak structures within the credit and risk management department to default their payments. The function of credit management within a bank institution or company is very crucial. If control credit policies are well adhered to by the firm, strong revenues improve and reduce the financial risks. A credit manager is tasked to oversee credit management. He is the personnel employed by a banking institution to manage the department of credit and make decisions on issues such as acceptable risks to be considered and credit limits to be given to particular clients. The scope of credit management in a financial institution includes the following. In carrying out the above functions, a credit management department in Chase bank has come across come several challenges that need to be addressed. In regards to control of doubtful debt, the bank has had a problem in preventing the customers from defaulting their payments. This has the amounts of doubtful and bad debts significantly. This has had an adverse effect on the bank financial stability. In setting the credit floors and ceiling for the different clients, the bank has encountered several challenges. Most customers have been observed only to have active accounts just before and during the period they are advancing a loan facility. Once a loan has been advanced to them; their accounts become dormant. This has caused difficulties in setting the credit limits as most customers are not deemed to be reliable. Adherence to bank policies with regards to credit management has also posed a challenge to credit and risk management

The Internet from Christian and Islamic Perspectives Research Paper

The Internet from Christian and Islamic Perspectives - Research Paper Example Internet in Islam The popular notion, especially in the West is that Islam may not be comfortable with the Internet. Images of censorship and restriction would probably inform this perception. But the fact is that the Internet is accessible to many Muslims across the world. There is no specific Islamic teaching that bars the use of the Internet for Muslims. As a matter of fact, many Muslims are finding the Internet a convenient and useful way to learn not just about common knowledge but also about Islam, its rituals, among other information. Today, both traditional Muslim texts and contemporary Muslim conversation have found their way to the information superhighway (Bowen and Early, 300). Abdulla also pointed out that while Islam is not dependent on the Internet and computers and would not miss it if it disappears, there is still the fact that these technological innovations have expanded several aspects of Islam (62). For example, the Internet is also increasingly becoming a place for Muslims to join together into many communities that strengthen relationship and brotherhood. According to Karagiannis and Wagner, the Internet, along with the so-called "new media", created new forms of Islamic communities, which revolve around shared communications and which bind together new relationships (97). These are made possible by the amount of information that can be accessed as well as the social media (popular among Muslims) and the emergence of the e-mail messaging tool. These facilitate Islamic propagation. The capability of the Internet to be accessible to many people makes it an effective form of evangelizing tool. Many people are learning about Islam online and this is particularly important especially in the era wherein Muslims are constantly being treated with suspicion and Islam, being commonly misinterpreted. Many Muslims find the Internet useful in these areas. The Christian Tradition The utility of the Internet is also true in the case of Christians. Every one agrees that on its positive side and in regards to its technological capabilities, it is important for evangelism and missionary activities. As Campbell explained, from the point of view of many Christians, the Internet serves as "a social technology that helps people of shared faith gather together, thereby connecting those from the same religious tradition who would normally be separated by geography, time and other limitations" (39). This characteristic is supposed to be congruent with the Christian religious concept of the "body of Christ", which in this case manifest in a networked community of believers with the Internet as a medium. The Internet also serve as a resource and communication tool for Christians across the globe in their religious activities, information campaigns, among other evangelical works. It allows the Christian churches to reach out to its flock and facilitates in giving charity, missionary work, among others. Comparison It is important to underscore t hat the positive perspectives on the Internet as demonstrated in the previous sections are both true in the cases of Christianity and Islam. And this is also shown in terms of the negative attitude or perspective towards the Internet is not exclusive to any religion. There are Christian and Islamic values that can be both threatened by the Internet. For example, Christians criticize the uncensored content in the Internet that are made available to

Ihrm In The Multinational Context Today Commerce Essay

Ihrm In The Multinational Context Today Commerce Essay The back bone of an organization is its human resource management thus within an organization HRM activities include human resource planning, staffing, performance management, Training and development, compensation and benefits, Industrial relations. Having these things in hand HRM then walks in to International with IHRM. The class discussion was lead under the main topics of Defining key IHRM terms (HRM, IHRM, HCN, PCN, TCN, Expatriates and impetrates) which gave me a broader understanding on the basis of what IHRM really meant. The lecture further explained on review expatriate management evolution which gave us the understanding of the review trends in the international management. Then the discussion moved in to understanding the difference between domestic and international HRM, the functions and the differences these two has was then clearly brought out with examples. Then the discussion linked in to discovering the increase complexity and potential challengers of current IHRM. The importance of the topics guided me to think critically on how it could be implemented to the work place performance. Having being able to use the knowledge what I learnt in class at my work place gave me a real life experience. Learning outcome of the increased travels, advancement of global technology telecommunication, the rapid development of new technologies, the impacts of free trade, the effectiveness of new education system further helped me to advance my knowledge in IHRM context. Learning of global village lead me in further search on new market performance when a company is thinking global and it helped me to significantly comprehend when I need to converge with global lifestyle and values during my performance at my work place. Most importantly at the use of E- Commerce to lower the cost being business globally helped me when I had to communicate with the upstream customers in negotiation on purchasing products. When working in a multinational company IHRM can be implemented in many ways thus it would implemented to my work by assisting me when I need a broader perspectives on curtain things. When handling the boarder external influences this would be very important. I will also be exposing to risks in the field and this knowledge would enhance me with what I have to do when an IHRM issue comes up. In analysis the learning outcome of the session brought out a vast knowledge in IHRM mainly focusing on the IHRM in the multinational context. The inter relationship in approaching to the field with the idea of domestic and international IHRM brought out a very argumentative yet very interesting points and examples to prove the importance of it as a whole. 3.0 Cultural differences Sri Lanka is a country which is originated from a collectivist culture however the counties culture has now evolved more in to individualistic subcultures which had become more powerful in certain cities i.e. Colombo compared to Anuradhapura. The cultural dimensions in a country has a greater impact when discussing, the focusing on the individualism vs. collectivism, power distance, short term vs. long term orientation, uncertainty avoidance, masculinity and femminity. (Hofsted) The video which was showed to us in class on Saudi women and their ability to educate themselves cleared us on that they have their own freedom to learn, Islamic word explains it to everyone. The discussion then moved to understanding limited dimensions as a critical analysis and brought out the fact that conquering nature is an approach to certain societies which lead to an interesting argument on how nature can bring out different dimensions. Then the atmosphere of the class turned in to an exciting point where counter agreements came up with general beliefs and how it deprives with trust. I.e. when the society is driven as being bad it is a good opportunity for the lawyers to succeed. The discussion further evolved around how Japaneses people around the world has more respect to the history of them and how people believe that they are more trustworthy. Understanding of different cultural dimensions in IHRM context helped me significantly as I had to communicate and make purchases from different cultured individuals around the world at my work place. Knowing from what country that supplier comes from and what context he belongs to I can adjust the way I think when dealing. I now have an understanding on the cultural differences globally and it helps me to respect each culture as it is a crucial thing in culture. My broader perspective helps me to make a difference in day to day work place performance. In analysis the overall cultural differences which are unique to each country brought up the idea that it is significant when communicating and making agreements globally and how human nature would effect to the overall outcome of the company cultural perspective. 4.0 The organizational context This weeks lecture was based on organizational context and the class discussion went ahead relating to a case study on how Chinese companies work in western counties. Then we discussed on how the global matrix structure coordination and corporation is highly needed in an organization. Then the organizational context as a whole was discussed with regard to the path to the global status. Then the class argued on how does a networked organization bring strength and good will to a company and the answer was with a lot of understanding and negotiation companies can differentiate work, responsibilities and authorize them across the network subsidiaries only then a company could cherish its strengths and good will. Controlled mechanism was then added in to the discussion to see how the formal and informal mechanisms within the organization coordinately function when going global. Global area division structure became the next sub topic conversation in relation to how it is geographically implemented in the organizational context i.e. within these structures political problems occurs turf battle is one of those on which colleagues fight on who get the opportunity first and on the contrarily when a hot issue comes along nobody will be waiting to take it which will cost in loss of accountability. The discussion became very interesting as I could relate some of my work experience to the debate as I know that having a good knowledge of the organizational context I can make decisions which could bring profit to the organization. This would further enhance on my experience when I relate what I have learnt in class without any issue. Having a good understanding on the organizational context it is easy for me to avoid risky situations where I might end up doing something that would ruin the image of the organization and my skill level. In my point of view I believe that understanding on the organizational context is very important to a business personal as they should be trained to face any problems within the organization through such a thing. The structural responses to international growth, Control and coordination mechanisms, including cultural control and effect of responses on human resource management approaches and activities had critically analyzed on how the organizational context should be functioning. 5.0 HRM in the Host Country Context International human resource management has become one of the most important subjects in the degree as it had brought many of us the intelligence of how to deal with human resources when working in a subsidiary. The class discussion took off with describing the Standardisation and localisation of HRM practices,Factors driving these, Retaining, developing and retrenching local staff, The HR implications of language standardisation and Monitoring the HR practices used by intl subcontractors. The hamlets question standardize or not to standardize HRM? Was put across to the students to argue by bringing up their own justifications. As Mr. Chandana would always recommend the students to do so. He expects us to answer with deep understanding of the broader perspective. The breakdown of IHRM was then elaborated to us with its segments of Host country, parent country and third country nationals. When elaborating the Host country national HSBC (the worlds local bank) can be taken as an example where HSBC practice a standardized culture as a host country company. This is done in order to capture the market within a shorter period of time. Uniliver is another company which would use the localization aspect when it comes to marketing as they bring out the village atmosphere in most of their advertisements. Nestle however stands at standardization in marketing methods. The strategy most of the foreign company s uses to get close to the host country is by getting along with their culture and lifestyles i.e. HSBC. Thus it will lead a very strong business relationship among the country and the company as well as the parent country. In contrary at some point even though they make it visible to the out sides that they are using the customs in with the host county culture, It comes out otherwise when they malpractice cultural values. Then standardization vs. Localization took in to discussion making everyone speak up of their own view. Where everyone understood that companies go through various marketing campaigns to localize their product yet keep the internal culture standardizes i.e. the dress code, believes of standard charted bank is standardized all over the country The best part being a student of Mr. Chandana Kumara is that for every answer or argument we come up with we are presented with some marks. This motivates a lot of students and at the same time it helps the students to understand on the topic much more clearer than when he just teach the subject. When foreign companies start recruiting the local human resource they would first mold the local the way they want this is done so that they can practice the same policys around the world, It will further help them and to us to make the decision making process easier. This is done in order to retain and develop the person as well as the organization. Furthermore we were asked to come up with what extend the localization is imposed and to what extend the standardization is imposed. It is a must for a HRM to support the corporate Operations and HRM should go line in line and to an extend both localization and globalization should go in order to retain the market leadership. Thus its the only way to have a successful approach. Companies move in to villages as a strategic objective i.e. HNB gami pubudu. Branch managers being recruited with different criterias. I.e. Salary, expertise and culture. HR has described on 5 s, quality circle, 6 sigma. (High quality products) Sunlight is another global product where global products being localized has brought out significantly. It was truly a privilege to have being in the class as I have learnt a lot out of it and at the work place I saw certain things that can be implemented and this discussion helped me to understand the process and way . The overall class has knowledge and we believe that Mr. chandana has done a very great job. In the analysis of the days session we can now come to a conclusion that even though a company can stay standardizes it is essential for them to look in to Host-country culture workplace environment in regard to Mode of operation, involved Size and maturity of the firm, Relative importance of the subsidiary. Only then a successful host country context can be seen through a company. 6.0 Sustaining International Business Operations and staffing As a full time working student Thursday nights seem to be long but the moment I step in to the class our lecture pitch a high note. This had always being a wakeup call for me. Thus the discussion took in to place and this time its quite different as Staffing approaches, Reasons for Intl assignment, Types of intl assignments, Role of expatriate, non-expatriates and corporate HR took off and I loved it because I can imagine what is happening at my work place and relate it to the lecture. As Mr. Chandana would say relate my lectures to real life experience The discussion took lead with understanding PCN (Expatriates) to understand the talent available from them impact to the performance of the organisation and how it could be of use to greater control over the others. PCNs could bring alot of company experience and their special talent of mobility has a greater impact in the organisation. On the other hand this could be looked in to as experience provided to corporate executives. I.e. The CEO at Ceylon Tobacco Company is British and he is an expatriate who has given a task from the British American Tobacco company. Working with him at CTC has made me understand the true nature of an expat the way he behaves and the way he relates to the company culture is just the right experience I get. Speaking of HCN (Locals) it is quite a different approach as they would know what is happening in the culture aspect preference aspect and the intimate knowledge of the environment. They would be masters in language skills to make the company perform w ell when working with HCNs and TCNs. Our supply chain director is from Bangladesh and he is the best example I could find for a TCN he has Broad experience as he worked in Pakistan Tobacco Company and now working at Ceylon Tobacco Company with a broader perspective in international outlook, multilingualism. The discussion then moved to factors affecting approaches of staffing which elaborated on Ethnocentric, Polycentric, Geocentric and Regiocentric which focuses on positioning subsidiaries. The reasons for international assignments was then taken in to consideration with regard to Position filling, Management development and Organizational development , when an expatriate is working in an organization to full fill above reasons they would also undergo mental stress as Home and family issues frequent absences , Work arrangements domestic side of position still has to be attended to, Travel logistics waiting in airports, etc., Health concerns poor diet, lack of sleep, etc. and Host culture issues limited cultural training come in to action. The role of expatriates differ vasty when compared to the role of non expatriates who do not relocate to another country, the only reason they would go to another country is for business meetings and periodic visits to foreign operations , so the stress level is less. Therefore we can now understand the importance of expatriates in a sustaining international business operation as his unique effort of playing different roles Agent of direct control, Agent of socialization, Network builder, Boundary spanner, Language node and Transfer of competence and knowledge leads the company to a better passion in the global market situation. According to Charles M. Vance (2006) as with all other management decisions and practices, global staffing should be linked to the overall strategy and the objective of the multinational enterprises. These strategies and objectives are of cause influenced by and set within the context of overall business environment. This weeks lecture was an interesting and a important leasson about recruiting staff for international assignments. working and exposing my self in a forign country as an employee will give me a different experience rather than being a tourist. Working in a alian soil wont be a simple task due to the culture, demographic, social interfierences and the mantality has to compete with their environment. according to Dessler (2003) he has identified five important personalities that would need to be considered when selecting a manager for a foreign assignment they are job knowledge and motivation, relational skills, flexibility, extra cultural openness and finally family situation. If we consider Desslers points almost all the recruits have an idea about the job they also motivated and they also have relational skills but most of them dont have flexibility in the sense they cant adjust to the alien environment. Also most of the recruits go through a cultural shock which almost led them to withdraw for the host country. And finally the family situations, as we all are from the Asian region; we belong to a collectivist cultural dimension we expect and like to live with the family and be a part of it. Especially when it comes to a females perspective unlike the western world most of the Asian women are married and committed to their family and children, in a situation like this most of Asian woman will be reluctant to take the opportunity even its a better offer or else they make an early return. Mr. Chandana also explained the above mentored criterias also can be known as expatriate failure. He also mentioned most of all cultural shock plays important role in expatriate failure. Cultural shock also can turn a good employee to a worst employee. Also he explained how some employees adjust themselves with the culture and overcome the situation. Basically in a phase on cultural adjustment there are four stages, those are entering the culture, facing the cultural shock, accepting or exiting the culture, adjusting to the host culture. By reviewing the class discussion I understood when a company selects its employee on a foreign recruitment it has to spend fair amount of time in selecting the correct candidate also they have to take some counter measures like training the candidate properly and making awareness of the host culture and the job specification. By taking these counter actions the company can increase in its productivity and efficiency. As a conclusions from this discussion I learnt how important is to select a proper candidate for an international assignment. Also as an IHRM student I understand the importance of knowing the alien culture and work environment and adjust to accomplish my goals and to do a better job. 7.0 Training and Development The lecture took off at 6.00pm and everyone is ready for another session of arguments examples and real life experience stories. This weeks lecture was based on Training and developing the individuals who falls under International Human Resource management. We were thus made to understand that within a global market more firms are focusing on human resources as a critical part of their competence and as a source of competitive advantage. In order to do so a firm must focus on the Role of expatriate training, Components of effective pre-departure programs, The effectiveness of pre-departure program, Developing staff though intl assignment and Trends in Training and development. In order to develop the Human resource a company must focus on Expatriate orientation, Cross-cultural training and Development of global managers. The firms originally use expatriates as trainers because they show how system and procedures work and they would monitor the performance of (HCN). We were thus enlightened on that the use of job rotation is a form of management development. The training is done to have a better skilled manager whom is capable of developing with various procedures. Before going in to training programs the trainers undergo training mainly on cultural awareness and language skills furthermore for successful cross cultural Intercultural business skills are highlighted and looked in to with greater concern and also making them understand the cultural variations for those with regional responsibilities. Reflective my learning to my work experience our supply chain director Mr. Khalid is always full of questions. The moment we step in to quotation committee meetings he would unfold his set of questions making all of us very uncomfortable but the learning at class has now made me understand that they are trained to put across such questions in order to showcase their global managerial skills. His experience in other country operations speaks through his questions and it is important for him to ask them and make everyone understand what to be inquired before purchasing a product i.e. the country of origin, The make , the brand , the part number why is it cheaper in India than china etc in regard to a machine . IHRM had made me feel that I am not a fresher to the multinational world as now I understand why certain managers behave that way and why they would question such things and so on. Thus I can happily say that the discussion at class are very effective as it made me understand the real concepts behind training and developing an individual in order to make him a successful global manager . 8.0 Performance management Its Thursday again and I am ready to learn IHRM, listening to all arguments justifications broader perspectives and so on. A class a session a time period full of hot arguments and explanations. This weeks discussion was based on the differences between performance appraisal, performance evaluation and the broader perspective of Performance management. Re entry and career issues were discussed along with this Performance appraisal is used to evaluate the output of the behavior of an individual within a company A format is sketched in order to showcase the way in which appraisal is conducted Difference appraisals could come in with appraising with different languages i.e. English is spoken with different accents/ pronunciations. According to the performance the company will decide whether to keep a specific individual or not. However the performance appraisal has its drawbacks too since it is capable of demotivating individuals. This happens if performance appraisal is used in a wrong country context the employees will suffer due to the fact that they are demotivated with evaluation of their own behavior. However using the correct format one can overcome this situation. The discussion thus moved in to Factors which makes the Performance evaluation critical. I.e. Culture of an organization the Language they use in day to day work environment, the format they follow in the work area and the specific believes the company has from years. Taking Performance appraisal discussion with regard PCN s and HCN s I came to the understanding of that they will be affected when the format changes according to the TCN s further in to consideration how we understand the emotional attitude of them is by understanding who gets appraised and who matters. Then we moved on to discuss on the concepts of whole Vs part. whole is when the company is taking decision as a whole which will give them a long term perspective and Part is when the company is taking subsidiary dictions as a part which will give the company a short term perspective Dowling Welch (2004) However when performance appraisal comes in to action the performance management can be used when evaluating. If this is such you cannot expect a good evaluation. In this factor year on year increase and decrease is not relevant Substitutes are made open to make yourself felt to your clients. You can get company information then it is possible to learn the strengths weaknesses of the competitors as well as the customer behavior even though it wont give a financial contribution. In performance network the contribution of the substitutes are not handling in good grounds when compared to other subsititiues i.e. Airtel being expand to Sri Lanka they are still running at a loss for 5 years. This how ever could be a different strategic approach, in order to research the market For my account this information has helped enormously as a trainee at a multinational company my performance has also being evaluated to see who can do better and who has the capacity in doing a project and what is the limit I could go at a stretch. The discussion in class assists me in a greater perspective as I can understand how the performance appraisal and performance evaluation is done with regard to performance management Therefore Performance management is a combination of individual performance and subsidiary performance and the outcome could motivate or demotivate an individual of an organization and it would also give the current status of a company 9.0 Re-entry and Career Issues This weeks discussion was in relate to re entry and career issues in IHRM and MR. Chandana began to explain that the expatriate process also includes repatriation which is the activity of bringing the expatriate back to the home country . This process needs careful management as re entering in to a country and to an organization is not as easy as it seems. As global managers it is with great difficulty they struggle to settle down in their assigned country and when returning they will have to face culture shock again for what they have missed while they were away. It is very challenging for them to re enter as they would face the reverse culture shock this will also lead some individuals to exit the company. If an expatriate need to repatriate first he needs to prepare himself by developing plans for the future and gathering information about the new position however if this is done accordingly he would have a less cultural difficulties when adjusting back. We were them made to under stand that physical relocation, Transition and readjustment are some of the crucial aspects a repatriate should look in to. Say the repatriate adjusted to the culture of the home country again but he will again face career issues when he needs to look for a job to settle down. He will thus have a career anxiety which post will he be assigned to do will he get the same job back or will he get a lesser position and will his experience be enough to compete with others repatriates. In reflection the same scenario is being evident at my work place our production manager just returned from his foreign assignment and he is yet again starting to readjust himself with the company culture and etiquettes. According to him what he misses most is coming to work from home and going back to his family every day. The understanding I got through this discussion further enhanced me in with what kind of procedure a repatriate would go through before completely feeling home again. The language the customers which were away for a long time is now right there in front of him and he still cannot practice them as he is taking time to readjust. When analyzing on repatriation it is necessary to understand that in IHRM it is a must to take up such challengers as it brings positive aspects to an individual in both financially and also in career wise. The experience an expatriate gets cannot be compared with the person who had not begin assigned to such operations. However in order to help the repatriates to settle down in the home country they should be given counselling, their family also should go through counselling and it is important for them to have a family repatriate programmes. If such necessary actions are taken in to consideration settling a repatriate will not take such a long time. 10.0 Compensation This week the lecture is all about money, as for all I am also an employee at a multination company I was excited about the lecture today. Thats because the subject is mainly based on how a compensation package is made, what are the elements that must include init and the problem which occurs when selecting a proper compensation package. As we all know while working for a firm a good employee will expect a reasonable compensation from the employer. When preparing the compensation package the HRM manager has to consider many things mainly how it has to be, what are the benefits it must include and whom it will be most suitable for ?, are like some of the main questions to clarify at the first step. When we consider the situation as an international compensation package a HRM manager must understand the environment before preparing. When a company recruits an employee from a foreign country or sending someone to a foreign country, the HRM managers job is to find out some basic elements such as inflation, life style, cost of living, taxations, currency value and mainly the housing and education costs if the employee have any family. Mr. Chandana very clearly explained this point and also spotted us how to overcome this situation by arranging multiple paying schemes, compensating in multiple currencies, multiple taxations schemes and multiple expatriate benefits. When selecting a compensation package it should be always designed wisely, as an example the CEO at C.T.C is an Englishman though hes working for Sri Lankan Tobacco Corporation hes been paid according to their compensation system while all the other employees are paid according to the Sri Lankan system. By this I understood the company has managed to fulfill the employee interests. Also its very important to consider how the compensation package meets certain objectives that will motivate the employee to move to the host county. This can be covered by giving an incentive which will make the employee to consider the opportunity also considering to full filling family and other needs and facilitating them on their re entry. When considering compensation there are two well recognized approaches one is going rate approach the other one is the balance sheet approach. As we all know, these methods hold its own advantages and disadvantages. In order to simplify the methods the company can also follow an international compensation method which will include the base compensation, this consists of salary, benefits and other need depending on the job requirement. This can be added with more benefits or can be deducted according to the companies prospective with the addition of incentive components and equalities adjustments. By adding up these two components its always easy to satisfy an employee. As the final conclusion of this chapter I learnt how a HRM manager prepares the compensation packages for their recruits. I also understood when a employee is selected for a operation like this, the responsibility is high, risky and important, because not all the employees gets a chance like that. Also I understood satisfying both the employee and the employer can be tough job for the HRM manager. 11.0 Business Etiquette Social Custom It is the final day of interesting IHRM lectures and the interesting arguments, IHRM related stories will come to an end. However to make the last class interesting the lesson played a huge role Business etiquette and social customs was explained in class with interesting examples of food fashion and lifestyle one would face in different cultures Manners and behavior considered acceptable in social and business situations (Dowling Welch, 2009) this is what business etiquette Social custom means from the authors point of view. However Business etiquettes and social customers can be further elaborated under believes values and the way people think in certain cultures. This lesson became more interesting as Mr. Chandana showed us a video of how culture can affect different personal globally. Having a basic idea of culture from a previous semester as I learnt cultural framework through a counties point of view. The discussion at this lecture made me clear out doubts and clearly understands on some of the concepts. The learning on netiquettes the electronic communication techniques further added on to the intriguing aspect of the discussion. The verbal expression and non verbal expression made me understand that when dealing with suppliers at work premises I should follow the same instructions in order to retain and attract more suppliers. The discussion also helped me to understand the high context and low context cultural aspect when dealing with expatriates in my working place. In analysis I believe that if a business ind

Cold War: A Post-Revisioninst View of the Origins :: American America History

Cold War: A Post-Revisioninst View of the Origins There are three main schools of thought that trace the origins of the Cold War. The Orthodox view is that "the intransigence of Leninist ideology, the sinister dynamics of a totalitarian society, and the madness of Stalin" (Doc 1) cause the Cold War. The Revisionists claim that "American policy offered the Russians no real choice...[and] the United States used or deployed its preponderance of power" (Doc 2) and these actions caused the Cold War. The Post-Revisionist position is that the Cold War was initiated both by the United States and the USSR. Through the analysis of documents and other sources, the actual cause of the 'war' lies with both powers. Both powers caused the Cold War because, although the US and the USSR were allied during World War Two, the USSR and US had different ideologies and aims of the war that conflicted after the war was over and the threat that each power imposed on the other. The primary cause of the Cold War is the exceedingly bipolar systems of government that the USSR and the US were administered under. The US had a democracy and had, in April of 1945, just said farewell to one of the most liberal presidents that ever had been elected. By making many social reforms, President Roosevelt pulled the US out of the crippling depression and into on of the most prosperous decades ever. The aims of the US are evident in the 'Atlantic Charter', which was signed by Churchill and Roosevelt in August of 1914. According to the Charter, the US would "seek no aggrandizement.... respect the rights of all peoples to choose the form of government under which they will live.... bring about the fullest collaboration between all nations.... [and seek] the abandonment of the use of force" (Doc 4). While still early in the war, the 'Atlantic Charter' was later adopted by the United Nations and remains, to this day, one of the cornerstones of the western world. However, the o ther power that emerged still 'intact' after the war, the USSR had a very different way of government and dissimilar aims of the war. The USSR was a communist nation and had Stalin its dictator. "From the Soviet perspective, extending the borders of the USSR and dominating the formerly independent states of eastern Europe would provide security and would be proper compensation for the fearful losses the Soviet people had endured in the war" (p.

Understanding ALS – Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis

Medical history has been filled with an array of diseases and illnesses, ranging from the common cold to deadly killers. Some are easily treatable and others can be terminal, but some of the worst are those that still remain without a cure; one such disease is amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, or ALS, is a degenerative disease affecting the human nervous system. It is a deadly disease that cripples and kills its victims due to a breakdown in the body†s motor neurons. Motor neurons are nerve cells in the brainstem and spinal cord that control muscle contractions. In ALS, these neurons deteriorate to a point that all movement, including breathing, halts. Muscle weakness first develops in the muscles of body parts distant from the brain, such as the hands, and subsequently spreads through other muscle groups closer to the brain. Such early symptoms as this, however, can hardly be noticed. Early symptoms of ALS are very slight and often overlooked. They begin as simple things, such as tripping or dropping things. Twitching or cramping of muscles and abnormal fatigue of the arms and legs may soon follow, causing difficulty in daily activities, such as walking or dressing. In more advanced stages, however, shortness of breath or difficulty in breathing and swallowing ensue, until the body is completely taken over by the disease. Intellect, eye motion, bladder function, and sensation are the only abilities spared. Where and how this deadly disease originated is unknown, but it was first identified in 1869, by the noted French neurologist Jean-Martin Charcot. ALS is not contagious, but research is still vague on the cause of the disease. Today, there are three recognized forms of ALS: genetic, sporadic, and Guamanian. The genetic form of ALS appears to be inherited or passed down within a family, and about ten percent of ALS patients have a family history of the disease. An abnormal gene has been located in about half these families, but the cause of the remaining half is still unknown. The next, most common form, is sporadic ALS. These patients have no family history of disease, and the cause of their coming down with ALS is a mystery. Finally, is Guamanian ALS, called this because a high percentage of cases occur in the Pacific Islands near Guam. One major reason ALS is such a frightening disease is because no cure has been established. Although no effective treatment has been developed, a number of drug trials have been conducted, and there are some devices designed to help ALS patients maintain independence as well as safety as the disease progresses. These devices include ankle or foot braces, cervical collars, and reclining chairs. Since there is no cure, however, the primary treatment is for management of symptoms. Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis is also a difficult disease to diagnose, primarily because no one test can definitely establish if the disease is present. A diagnosis includes most, if not all, of the following procedures: electrodiagnostic tests, blood and urinary study, thyroid and parathyroid hormone levels, spinal tap and imaging, and muscular or nerve biopsy. Most who develop ALS are between the ages of forty and seventy years of age, although cases have been reported of victims in their twenties and thirties. It was once thought to be a rare disease, but studies have shown that about 5,000 people in the United States are newly-diagnosed with ALS each year–about 13 new cases a day! It isn estimated that about 100,000 people who are apparently well in the country today will die with ALS. Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis is also popularly known as Lou Gehrig disease. Lou Gehrig was a famous baseball player in the 1930†³s for the New York Yankees. Once known as baseball†s â€Å"Ironman†, Lou Gehrig was truly a sports legend. His promising career came to a screeching halt, however, when he was diagnosed with ALS. The disease not only took away his career in baseball, but his life; Lou Gehrig died at the young age of thirty-eight. In conclusion, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis is a deadly and frightening disease; its victims cannot be saved. Someday, hopefully, a cure will be developed, and the suffering this disease is causing will be stopped.

Education Can End Systematic Oppression - 1334 Words

The subject of expectations for higher education is one that tends to spark impassioned debate among educators, students and parents alike. In Pedagogy of the Oppressed Paulo Freire presses his audience to consider such expectations in light of one’s own intentions, motives, and affections toward those to be educated (Freire 50). He goes even further to suggest that a love for one another through empathetic dialogue, especially on the part of the educator, must be present in order for fear to be wiped away and liberation to eventually take its place (Freire 89,90). It was that dialogical approach that made Freire’s literacy programs so successful in Brazil until â€Å"his work was interrupted by a military dictatorship† in the mid-60s and†¦show more content†¦For children without the advantage of origin of birth, struggles throughout the formative years will affect their learning process and expectations for the future. Many immigrant children suffer th e same disadvantages as children in poverty. This fact should not be ignored when considering expectations for a future college degree. Freire posits that the cycle of dehumanization can only be broken when a â€Å"radical posture† is taken by the oppressor, a posture in which the oppressor enters into the situation of the oppressed through humility (44, 48, 49). An empathetic approach to individuals is essential if we are to understand the challenges they face and have a realistic hope for future success and change. The oppressed in our society also include individuals who have suffered abuse and neglect. Hundreds of thousands of children have been placed in the foster care system due to an array of maltreatment (Child Welfare). Children who are neglected do not experience the same developmental advantages as children raised in a nurturing environment. Research has shown that neglect in the early years of life affects a child’s brain development (Hamilton). Studies ha ve also shown that the impact of neglect may become more severe as a child grows older and eventually have lasting effects on intellectual, behavioral, social, and cognitive development (DePanfilis). Acknowledging the significance ofShow MoreRelatedEducation Can End Systematic Oppression1037 Words   |  5 Pages Through the doorway sits a room full of people. Though each person is fundamentally different, they have come together for a single purpose: to obtain a higher education. The general purpose for education is to encourage people to further themselves and in so doing, to secure their future. For some, the paycheck at the end of the road is the only motivating factor. For others, the motivating factor is the ability to better themselves and society. 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Because so many years have passed, one would think that